| LEARNING OUTCOMES | |
| Knowledgeable | |
| K1 | Differentiate between normal and abnormal structure and functions of the body |
| K2 | Differentiate between normal and abnormal molecular,cellular, biochemical, and physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms |
| K3 | Differentiate between normal and abnormal human behavior |
| K4 | Differentiate between biological and social determinants and risk factors of disease, various etiological cause(s)and causative agents for specific injuries ,illnesses and diseases; |
| K5 | Differentiate between available therapeutic options to select the most appropriate treatment modality or drug(s)for common diseases based on pharmaco-dynamics and/or efficacy |
| K6 | Relate the effects and interactions of physical, emotional, and social environments to health and disease of humans |
| K7 | Relate the natural history of acute and chronic, communicable and noncommunicable diseases with respective etiologic agents and effect of appropriate interventions on the progress of disease |
| K8 | Apply evidence-based medicine concepts to provide best possible cost-effective care; |
| K9 | Ensure compliance with the legal system as it impacts health care and the PM&DC regulations |
| K10 | Ensure patient safety and infection control in their clinical practice |
| Skillful | |
| S1 | Take a focused history and identify the patient’s risk factors with appreciation of the bio-psycho- social model. |
| S2 | Perform physical and mental state examination(s) to identify specific problems and differentiate from others, and identify non-conformity to anatomical or physiological configurations; |
| S3 | Formulate a provisional diagnosis with justification, and two to three likely differential diagnoses; |
| S4 | Order appropriate investigations with the consent of the patient, and interpret their reports to either confirm the diagnosis or differentiate from others; |
| S5 | Perform procedures with the consent of the patient, ensuring infection control in giving injections (I/M, I/V, S/C, I/D), managing infusion lines and blood transfusion; providing first aid, basic life support (including cardiopulmonary resuscitation), nebulizers, wound care and dressings; monitoring oxygen saturation and oxygen therapy; taking swabs and Pap smears; recording ECG; performing peak flow spirometry, glucometer blood sugar testing , urinary catheterization, dipstick urinalysis, and simple skin suturing |
| S6 | Critique the advantages, disadvantages, indications, contra- indications, limitations, and complications of the current treatment modalities, justifying the use of each by best available evidence |
| S7 | Formulate management plans in partnership with patients ensuring their safety |
| S8 | Advice and counsel the patient and their family members |
| S9 | Educate the patient regarding the health problem, available choices, management plan, self-care, and use of prescribed drugs and equipment, such as inhalers |
| S10 | Recognize and take into consideration issues of equality, equity and diversity, and that opportunities are missed if not perceived to be useful by others; |
| S11 | Describe and debate the reasons for the success or failures of various approaches to increase prevention and to decrease social inequities; |
| S12 | Manage time and prioritize tasks and use of resources; |
| S13 | Ensure patient safety always including strict infection control practices. |
| Critical thinker | |
| C1 | Use of information obtained and correlated from different sources. Critical data evaluation (interpret, analyze, synthesize, evaluate to form decisions); |
| C2 | Dealing effectively with complexity, uncertainty, and probability in medical decision-making, reflecting on the latest evidence and its application to the health problem |
| C3 | Regular reflection on their own practice and on standards of medical practice; |
| C4 | Initiating, participating in, or adapting to change as required, to ensure that the profession and the patients both benefit; |
| C5 | Flexibility and a problem-solving approach; |
| C6 | Commitment to quality assurance and monitoring by participating in chart audits and reporting critical incidents to improve medical practice and decrease risk to self, patients and the public; |
| C7 | Raising concerns about public risk and patient safety. |
| Community Heath Promoter | |
| CH1 | Relate effects of lifestyles and genetic, demographic, environmental, social, cultural economic, psychological and determinants of health and illness on populations; |
| CH2 | Take appropriate action for infectious, non-communicable disease and injury prevention, and in protecting, maintaining and promoting the health of individuals, families and community; |
| CH3 | Evaluate national and global trends in morbidity and mortality of diseases and injuries of social significance, the impact of migration, environmental factors on health and the role of national and international health organizations on health status; |
| CH4 | Work as an effective member of the health care team and demonstrate acceptance of the roles and responsibilities of other health and health related personnel in providing health care to individuals, populations, and communities; |
| CH5 | Adopt a multidisciplinary approach for health promoting interventions which require shared responsibility and partnerships of the health care professions with the population served as well as inter-sectoral collaboration |
| CH6 | Apply the basics of health systems including policies, organizations, financing, cost-containment measures of rising health care costs, and principles of effective management to the care of populations, families, and individuals; |
| CH7 | Promote and implement mechanisms that support equity in access to health care, effectiveness, and quality of care; |
| CH8 | Make decisions for health care using demography, biostatistics, and epidemiology as well as national, regional, and local surveillance data. |
| Professional and Ethical | |
| PE1 | Medical and dental graduates should be able to demonstrate professional values of self and professional accountability, honesty, probity, and ethics without discrimination based on age, gender, religion or beliefs, color, race, ethnic or national origin, culture, disability, disease, lifestyle, marital or parental status, sexual orientation and social or economic status; |
| PE2 | Strive for constant improvement of self & health delivery systems; |
| PE3 | Respect the views & interests of the patient and patient’s family |
| PE4 | Uphold principles of patient autonomy, beneficence, non- maleficence, and distributive justice; confidentiality, informed consent and ethics; |
| PE5 | Use moral reasoning in decision-making in dealing with conflicts within and between ethical, legal, and professional issues including those raised by economic constraints, commercialization of health care, and scientific advances |
| PE6 | Being accountable for regulation of self and the profession, through audits and performance reviews, in setting up one’s own practice and in dealing with pharmaceutical and other commercial enterprises. |
| Lifelong learner | |
| L1 | Demonstrate continuous learning based on regular self- assessment seeking peer feed-back. This also includes a continuous undertaking of self-directed study and credited continuous medical education activities up to re-licensure and re- certification |
| L2 | Manage information effectively to use it for efficient and effective self-learning, medical problem solving and decision-making |
| L3 | accurately document and maintaining records of their own practice for better patient care and for analysis and improvement |
| L4 | retrieve patient-specific information from a clinical data system. using information and communication technology based on its value and limitations |
| L5 | search, collect, organize, and interpret health and biomedical information from credible databases and sources; |
| L6 | match patient information to evidence available in literature to form judgments for diagnostic, therapeutic, preventive, or prognostic decisions and for surveillance and monitoring of health status. |
| L7 | Provide evidence of continuing career advancement by pursuing further training in specific fields or continuing professional development by attending CPD programmes in their primary discipline or as a professional. This evidence may be collated by maintaining professional development portfolios; |
| L8 | Function effectively as a mentor and a teacher with training, to appraise, assess, teach, and provide feedback to themselves, peers, colleagues, and students |
| L9 | Respond positively to appraisals and feedback. |
| Researcher | |
| R1 | Identify a researchable problem and critically review literature; |
| R2 | Phrase succinct research questions |
| R3 | Formulate hypotheses |
| R4 | Identify the appropriate research design(s) in Epidemiology and analytical tests in Biostatistics to answer the research question; |
| R5 | Collect, analyze, and evaluate data, and present results where possible; |
| R6 | Demonstrate ethics in conducting research and in ownership of intellectual property. |
